Jeju
Every number behind this island's composite, opened up to the raw values. Nine metric scores and the indicators under each, the five dependence channels, the 2019 = 100 recovery path, exposure and capacity on the six shock channels, and the provenance of all 36 indicator cells.
- Region
- East Asia
- Income
- High (sub-national)
- Capital
- Jeju City
- Population
- 695,382
- Area
- 1,850.3 km²
- Rank
- Not ranked
Warning: Jeju is a contrast case and is never ranked. Jeju is a special self-governing province of South Korea, not a sovereign state. 22 of 28 indicators are undefined at sub-national level, and the rest inherit Korea's sovereign credit, national grid and national digital infrastructure. It scores near the top on every measure of shock-absorbing capacity — not because Jeju is resilient, but because Korea is.
The nine-metric shape
This island (solid) against the panel's per-metric median (dashed) on the same fixed 0–100 axis. An axis with no value is left unconnected: joining a missing score to zero would invent a shape that is not in the data.
- Jeju
- Panel median
The median is taken over the twelve-island panel only. The contrast case never enters the reference.
▸Table view
| Metric | Score | Panel median | Vs median | Coverage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M1 Food | 70.4 | 55.4 | +14.9 | 1/3 |
| M2 Energy | — | 53.4 | — | 0/3 |
| M3 Diversification | 23.8 | 47.8 | −24.1 | 1/3 |
| M4 Fiscal | 76.9 | 45.8 | +31.1 | 1/3 |
| M5 Digital | — | 48.7 | — | 0/3 |
| M6 Climate | — | 36.7 | — | 0/3 |
| M7 Ocean | — | 23.0 | — | 0/3 |
| M8 Human capital | 97.9 | 63.2 | +34.7 | 1/3 |
| M9 Dependence | — | 60.3 | — | 0/3 |
Metric by metric
A metric score is the plain mean of its base indicators after normalisation to 0–100. A missing indicator is dropped from that mean rather than scored as zero, so a thin coverage string means the score rests on correspondingly less evidence.
M1Food & primary production security
No short-run domestic substitute for calories.
| Indicator | Raw value | Normalised | Provenance | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Agriculture/forestry/fishing share of GDP (MVI AFF) aff | 11.10 index 0-100 | 70.4 | Jeju-specific, approximatejeju_specific_approx | Clean |
Instability of agricultural production (MVI AIN) ain | No data | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | Missing |
Fish Stock Status (EPI) fss | No data | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | Missing |
M2Energy security & transition
No data — Coverage 0/3
Fuel cutoffs cascade into water, transport and the cold chain.
| Indicator | Raw value | Normalised | Provenance | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Access to clean cooking fuels and technologies clean_cook | No data | — | Derived inside the pipelinederived_in_pipeline | Missing |
CO2 emissions per capita co2_pc | No data | — | Derived inside the pipelinederived_in_pipeline | Missing |
Modern renewable share (constructed proxy) modern_renew | No data | — | Derived inside the pipelinederived_in_pipeline | Missing |
M3Economic diversification & trade
Monoculture turns one sectoral shock into a whole-economy shock.
| Indicator | Raw value | Normalised | Provenance | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Tourism receipts, % of total exports tour_xp | 30.60 % | 23.8 | Jeju-specific but NOT defined as the panel isjeju_specific_NOT_EQUIVALENT | Clean |
Export concentration (MVI XCON) xcon | No data | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | Missing |
Export instability (MVI XIN) xin | No data | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | Missing |
M4Fiscal & financial capacity
Decides whether a shock is absorbed or becomes a debt crisis.
| Indicator | Raw value | Normalised | Provenance | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Current account balance, % of GDP cab | No data | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | Missing |
External debt stocks, % of GNI extdebt | No data | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | Missing |
Log GDP per capita ln_gdppc | 10.09 ln(current US$) | 76.9 | Derived inside the pipelinederived_in_pipeline | Clean |
M5Digital infrastructure & innovation
No data — Coverage 0/3
Sets medium-run adaptive capacity; shocks do not transmit through it in weeks.
| Indicator | Raw value | Normalised | Provenance | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
E-Government Development Index egi | No data | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | Missing |
Global Cybersecurity Index gci | No data | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | Missing |
Telecommunication Infrastructure Index tii | No data | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | Missing |
M6Climate & disaster resilience
No data — Coverage 0/3
Direct existential exposure for low-lying islands.
| Indicator | Raw value | Normalised | Provenance | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Population in low-elevation coastal zone (MVI LECZ) lecz | No data | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | Missing |
ND-GAIN climate vulnerability ndgain_vul | No data | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | Missing |
Victims of natural disasters (MVI VIC) vic | No data | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | Missing |
M7Ocean & ecosystem health
No data — Coverage 0/3
Partly already captured inside food security; discounted to avoid double counting.
| Indicator | Raw value | Normalised | Provenance | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Marine protected areas, % of territorial waters mpa | No data | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | Missing |
Ocean Health Index ohi | No data | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | Missing |
Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) tpa_land | No data | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | Missing |
M8Human capital & youth capacity
Determines whether young people stay; slower transmission.
| Indicator | Raw value | Normalised | Provenance | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Human Capital Index (UN DESA) hci | No data | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | Missing |
Human Development Index hdi | 0.929 index 0-1 | 97.9 | Korea's national value used as-iskorea_national_proxy | Proxy |
Youth unemployment, ages 15-24 youth_unemp | No data | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | Missing |
M9External dependence & connectivity
No data — Coverage 0/3
Partly already captured inside fiscal and diversification; discounted.
| Indicator | Raw value | Normalised | Provenance | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Net ODA received, % of GNI oda | No data | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | Missing |
Remoteness (MVI REM) rem_idx | No data | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | Missing |
Personal remittances received, % of GDP remit | No data | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | Missing |
Dependence channels
The five channels behind the Cumulative Vulnerability Index. Both the channel score and the values beneath it are 0–100 exposures, and they run opposite to the resilience scores: higher means more tied to the outside.
V1Food & import supply
| Indicator | Raw value | Exposure | Provenance |
|---|---|---|---|
Agriculture/forestry/fishing share of GDP (MVI AFF) aff | 11.10 index 0-100 | 70.4 | Jeju-specific, approximate |
Fish Stock Status (EPI) fss | No data | No data | Undefined at sub-national levelMissing |
Inverted relative to the resilience layer. A large primary sector is a volatility risk (lowers M1) but also domestic calorie supply (lowers V1). Both readings are kept.
V2Energy & fuel
| Indicator | Raw value | Exposure | Provenance |
|---|---|---|---|
Modern renewable share (constructed proxy) modern_renew | No data | No data | Derived inside the pipelineMissing |
Access to clean cooking fuels and technologies clean_cook | No data | No data | Derived inside the pipelineMissing |
Enters V2 as a capability, not as fuel independence. Clean cooking on a small island usually means imported LPG, so treating it as reduced energy dependence is the weakest link in this channel. Flagged, not hidden.
V3External demand
| Indicator | Raw value | Exposure | Provenance |
|---|---|---|---|
Tourism receipts, % of total exports tour_xp | 30.60 % | 76.2 | Jeju-specific but NOT defined as the panel is |
Export concentration (MVI XCON) xcon | No data | No data | Undefined at sub-national levelMissing |
Export instability (MVI XIN) xin | No data | No data | Undefined at sub-national levelMissing |
V4Capital & external finance
| Indicator | Raw value | Exposure | Provenance |
|---|---|---|---|
FDI net inflows, % of GDP fdi | 1.95 % | 21.5 | Jeju-specific, derived |
Net ODA received, % of GNI oda | No data | No data | Undefined at sub-national levelMissing |
External debt stocks, % of GNI extdebt | No data | No data | Undefined at sub-national levelMissing |
Personal remittances received, % of GDP remit | No data | No data | Undefined at sub-national levelMissing |
V5Trade logistics & remoteness
| Indicator | Raw value | Exposure | Provenance |
|---|---|---|---|
Remoteness (MVI REM) rem_idx | No data | No data | Undefined at sub-national levelMissing |
Trade (exports+imports), % of GDP trade | No data | No data | Undefined at sub-national levelMissing |
Trade openness is an amplifier here, not a shock: it measures how much of the economy has to physically cross an ocean.
A channel indicator's exposure is usually the complement of the same base indicator's resilience score. It is the same number read from two directions, which is why both layers are shown.
The 2020 shock and the path back
Constant-price GDP per capita indexed to 2019 = 100. The recovery band — rapid, moderate, unrecovered — is derived from the year this line comes back to 100.
No recovery path can be drawn
The snapshot holds no constant-price GDP-per-capita series for this island to index against 2019. Substituting another series would produce a chart that answers a different question, so nothing is drawn.Jeju is a province of South Korea, and the World Bank's constant-price GDP-per-capita series is published for sovereign states only. Drawing Korea's curve here would show Korea's recovery under Jeju's name, so it is not drawn.
Shock channels: exposure and capacity
Exposure is the share of the economy actually standing in front of that shock (0–100%); capacity is a 0–100 score built from the metrics that resist it. The two have different units, so they sit side by side in a table rather than sharing an axis.
| Shock channel | Exposure | Capacity | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tourism demand | No data | No data | % fall in tourism receipts |
| Fuel price | No data | No data | % change in fuel import cost |
| Food price | No data | No data | % change in food import cost |
| External capital | No data | No data | % tightening of external finance |
| Freight & logistics | No data | No data | % rise in freight cost / lead time |
| Physical climate | No data | No data | cyclone / sea-level stress index |
Only the tourism exposure is an “effective” figure: the tourism share of exports multiplied by the monetised share of the economy. In a largely subsistence economy the export share overstates how much livelihood is actually at risk. The other five are exactly as defined below.
▸How each exposure is defined (as published)
- Tourism demand Tourism receipts as a share of total exports, used directly rather than normalised: an 85% share means 85% of export earnings are at risk.
- Fuel price Share of final energy that is NOT modern renewable, i.e. 100 - modern_renew. Traditional biomass does not count as energy independence.
- Food price Low domestic primary production (MVI AFF, inverted) plus weak fishery (EPI Fish Stock Status, inverted).
- External capital Reliance on externally sourced money: external debt, remittances and FDI.
- Freight & logistics Remoteness (MVI REM) times trade openness — how much of the economy has to cross an ocean.
- Physical climate Direct climate exposure: low-elevation coastal population, disaster victims, and ND-GAIN vulnerability.
Reference scenario resultReference (all channels 30%)
A like-for-like comparison scenario: every one of the six channels shocked by the same 30%. It is a measuring stick, not a forecast of any actual event.
Warning: No shock simulation runs for this island: none of the six exposures can be computed, because the base indicators behind them are all missing. Filling them with zero would produce the opposite conclusion — an island that shrugs off every shock.
Indicator provenance
All 36 indicator cells for this island, grouped by the metric they feed, with the raw value, its unit, the normalised score, the exposure and the provenance of each. Missing and flagged cells are not hidden.
Warning: Values outside the panel's range: tpa. For the indicators below, this island's value falls outside the range the rest of the panel occupies. Normalisation is stretched over the panel range, so such a value pins itself to the end of the scale and compresses everyone else.tpa (terrestrial and marine protected areas): every island in the panel is below 2.5%; this one reads 19.51%, an order of magnitude apart. That is not twenty times more protection — it is a definitional mismatch at source. The panel figure is a share of total territory including territorial waters, and this value was not recomputed on that basis. The indicator enters no metric, so it does not distort the composite, but it is shown rather than deleted.
| Indicator | Value | Unit | Normalised | Exposure | Provenance | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M1Food & primary production security · Coverage 1/3 | ||||||
Agriculture/forestry/fishing share of GDP (MVI AFF) affUNDP SIDS Platform / MVI (LDC EVI component). High share = economy leans on a volatile, weather-exposed primary sector. | 11.10 | index 0-100 | 70.4 | 70.4 | Jeju-specific, approximatejeju_specific_approx | CleanV1 |
Instability of agricultural production (MVI AIN) ainUNDP SIDS Platform / MVI. Year-to-year volatility of domestic food & crop output. | No data | index 0-100 | — | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | Missing |
Fish Stock Status (EPI) fssUNDP SIDS Platform / Blue block, Environmental Performance Index. Health of the fishery the island eats from. | No data | score 0-100 | — | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | MissingV1 |
| M2Energy security & transition · Coverage 0/3 | ||||||
Access to clean cooking fuels and technologies clean_cookWDI EG.CFT.ACCS.ZS, 2022 (Our World in Data / Tracking SDG7). Added to correct the traditional-biomass problem. | No data | % of population | — | — | Derived inside the pipelinederived_in_pipeline | MissingV2 |
CO2 emissions per capita co2_pcDerived: co2_kt x 1000 / population. | No data | tonnes/person | — | — | Derived inside the pipelinederived_in_pipeline | Missing |
Modern renewable share (constructed proxy) modern_renewCONSTRUCTED PROXY, not an official statistic: renewable share x clean cooking access / 100. Strips fuelwood and charcoal out of the headline renewable share. | No data | % | — | — | Derived inside the pipelinederived_in_pipeline | MissingV2 |
| M3Economic diversification & trade · Coverage 1/3 | ||||||
Tourism receipts, % of total exports tour_xpUNDP SIDS Platform / MVI block (WDI ST.INT.RCPT.XP.ZS). Treated as monoculture risk, not as income. | 30.60 | % | 23.8 | 76.2 | Jeju-specific but NOT defined as the panel isjeju_specific_NOT_EQUIVALENT | CleanV3 |
Export concentration (MVI XCON) xconUNDP SIDS Platform / MVI. How few products/services the island's export earnings rest on. | No data | index 0-100 | — | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | MissingV3 |
Export instability (MVI XIN) xinUNDP SIDS Platform / MVI. Volatility of export earnings. | No data | index 0-100 | — | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | MissingV3 |
| M4Fiscal & financial capacity · Coverage 1/3 | ||||||
Current account balance, % of GDP cabUNDP SIDS Platform / Finance block (WDI BN.CAB.XOKA.GD.ZS). | No data | % | — | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | Missing |
External debt stocks, % of GNI extdebtUNDP SIDS Platform / Finance block (WDI DT.DOD.DECT.GN.ZS, 2019). | No data | % | — | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | MissingV4 |
Log GDP per capita ln_gdppcDerived: natural log of GDP per capita, to stop Singapore compressing the panel. | 10.09 | ln(current US$) | 76.9 | — | Derived inside the pipelinederived_in_pipeline | Clean |
| M5Digital infrastructure & innovation · Coverage 0/3 | ||||||
E-Government Development Index egiUNDP SIDS Platform / Digital block (UN DESA EGDI, 2020). | No data | index 0-1 | — | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | Missing |
Global Cybersecurity Index gciUNDP SIDS Platform / Digital block (ITU GCI, 2020). | No data | score 0-100 | — | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | Missing |
Telecommunication Infrastructure Index tiiUNDP SIDS Platform / Digital block (UN DESA TII, 2020). | No data | index 0-1 | — | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | Missing |
| M6Climate & disaster resilience · Coverage 0/3 | ||||||
Population in low-elevation coastal zone (MVI LECZ) leczUNDP SIDS Platform / MVI. Share of people living <5 m above sea level. | No data | index 0-100 | — | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | Missing |
ND-GAIN climate vulnerability ndgain_vulUNDP SIDS Platform / Climate block (Notre Dame GAIN, 2019). Higher = more exposed/sensitive, less adaptive. | No data | index 0-1 | — | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | Missing |
Victims of natural disasters (MVI VIC) vicUNDP SIDS Platform / MVI. Population affected by disasters, indexed. | No data | index 0-100 | — | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | Missing |
| M7Ocean & ecosystem health · Coverage 0/3 | ||||||
Marine protected areas, % of territorial waters mpaUNDP SIDS Platform / Blue block (WDI ER.MRN.PTMR.ZS, 2018). | No data | % | — | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | Missing |
Ocean Health Index ohiUNDP SIDS Platform / Blue block (OHI, 2020). | No data | score 0-100 | — | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | Missing |
Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) tpa_landWDI ER.LND.PTLD.ZS, 2018. Added 8 Aug 2026. True land-protection measure; replaces `tpa` inside M7 Ocean & ecosystem health. | No data | % | — | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | Missing |
| M8Human capital & youth capacity · Coverage 1/3 | ||||||
Human Capital Index (UN DESA) hciUNDP SIDS Platform / Digital block (UN DESA HCI, 2020). Schooling + literacy composite. | No data | index 0-1 | — | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | Missing |
Human Development Index hdiUNDP SIDS Platform / Profile block (UNDP HDR, 2019). | 0.929 | index 0-1 | 97.9 | — | Korea's national value used as-iskorea_national_proxy | Proxy |
Youth unemployment, ages 15-24 youth_unempWorld Bank WDI SL.UEM.1524.ZS (ILO modelled estimate, 2024). SUPPLEMENTARY - not on the SIDS platform. | No data | % | — | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | Missing |
| M9External dependence & connectivity · Coverage 0/3 | ||||||
Net ODA received, % of GNI odaUNDP SIDS Platform / Finance block (WDI DT.ODA.ODAT.GN.ZS). | No data | % | — | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | MissingV4 |
Remoteness (MVI REM) rem_idxUNDP SIDS Platform / MVI. Distance-weighted trade remoteness from world markets. | No data | index 0-100 | — | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | MissingV5 |
Personal remittances received, % of GDP remitUNDP SIDS Platform / Finance block (WDI BX.TRF.PWKR.DT.GD.ZS, 2020). Treated as external-income dependence. | No data | % | — | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | MissingV4 |
| Auxiliary and derived values that enter no metric — These do not enter the composite directly. They are inputs to derived indicators (population, GDP), used only by the vulnerability layer, or kept for reference. | ||||||
CO2 emissions co2_ktUNDP SIDS Platform / Climate block (WDI EN.ATM.CO2E.KT, 2018). Converted to tonnes per capita in the model. | No data | kilotonnes | — | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | Missing |
FDI net inflows, % of GDP fdiUNDP SIDS Platform / MVI block (WDI BX.KLT.DINV.WD.GD.ZS, 2019). Used in the dependence layer only. | 1.95 | % | 78.5 | 21.5 | Jeju-specific, derivedjeju_specific_derived | CleanV4 |
GDP per capita gdppcUNDP SIDS Platform / Finance block (WDI NY.GDP.PCAP.CD, 2020). Log-transformed in the model. | 24169 | current US$ | 39.2 | — | Jeju-specific, convertedjeju_specific_converted | Clean |
Pre-shock (2019) GDP per capita gdppc_preshockDerived: 2020 GDP per capita backed out by the 2020 real growth rate. | No data | current US$ | — | — | Derived inside the pipelinederived_in_pipeline | Missing |
General government gross debt govdebt_2024IMF WEO 2024. INCOMPLETE - missing for PNG, SGP, SYC, TUV, VUT, so the fiscal metric still uses external debt. | No data | % of GDP | — | — | Derived inside the pipelinederived_in_pipeline | Missing |
Population density pop_densityDerived: population / surface area. NB the denominator is surface area, not land area. | 376 | people/km2 | 95.5 | — | Derived inside the pipelinederived_in_pipeline | Clean |
Renewable energy, % of final energy consumption renewUNDP SIDS Platform / Climate block (WDI EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS, 2015). | 18.30 | % | 23.3 | — | Jeju-specific but NOT defined as the panel isjeju_specific_NOT_EQUIVALENT | Clean |
Terrestrial AND marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) tpaWDI ER.PTD.TOTL.ZS, 2018. RETAINED FOR REFERENCE ONLY - not used in M7. Denominator is total territorial area including waters, so it overlaps `mpa` and is not a land-protection measure despite its original label. | 19.51 | % | 100.0 | — | Jeju-specific, derivedjeju_specific_derived | Outside panel range |
Trade (exports+imports), % of GDP tradeUNDP SIDS Platform / Finance block (WDI NE.TRD.GNFS.ZS). Openness = exposure in the dependence layer. | No data | % | — | — | Undefined at sub-national levelunavailable_subnational | MissingV5 |
▸Source note (as published)
Sub-national province of South Korea, included as the contrast case of an island that is physically constrained but politically integrated with a large mainland. Imports up to 600 MW of electricity via HVDC submarine cables (Haenam 1998, Jindo 2014, Wando-East Jeju). Carbon Free Island 2030 programme targets 100% renewable electricity. SCORE IS NOT DIRECTLY COMPARABLE - see provenance flags.